An Ordinance of the City of Minneapolis
	Amending title 7, Chapter 139 of the Minneapolis Code of
	Ordinances relating to Civil Rights: In General.

	The City Council of the City of Minneapolis do ordain as follows:

	Section 1. that Section 139.10 of the above-entitled ordinance
	be amended to read as follows:

	139.10 Findings, declarations of policy and purpose.

	(a) _Findings_

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	  (1) _Special Findings on Pornography_:  The council finds
	  that pornography is central in creating and maintaining the
	  civil inequality of the sexes.  Pornography is a systematic
	  practice of exploitation and subordination based on sex
	  which differentially harms women.  The bigotry and contempt
	  it promotes, with the acts of aggression it fosters, harm
	  women's opportunities for equality of rights in employment,
	  education, property rights, public accommodations and public
	  services; create public harassment and private denigration;
	  promote injury and degradation such as rape, battery and
	  prostitution and inhibit just enforcement of laws against
	  these acts; contribute significantly to restricting women
	  from full exercise of rights to speech and action guaranteed
	  to all citizens under the constitution and law of the united
	  states and the state of Minnesota.

	(b) _Declaration of policy and purpose_.  It is the public
	policy of the City of Minneapolis and the purpose of this
	title:

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	  (4) To prevent and prohibit all discriminatory practices of
	  sexual subordination or inequality through pornography;



	Section 3.  That Section 139.20 of the above-entitled
	ordinance be amended by adding thereto a new subsection (gg)
	to read as follows:

	(gg) _Pornography_.  Pornography is a form of discrimination
	on the basis of sex.

	  (1) Pornography is the sexually explicit subordination of
	  women, graphically depicted, whether in pictures or in
	  words, that also includes one or more of the following:

	    (i) women are presented dehumanized as sexual objects,
	    things or commodities; or

	    (ii) women are presented as sexual objects who enjoy pain
	    or humiliation; or

	    (iii) women are presented as sexual objects who experience
	    sexual pleasure in being raped; or

	    (iv) women are presented as sexual objects tied up or cut
	    up or mutilated or bruised or physically hurt; or

	    (v) women are presented in postures of sexual submission;
	    or

	    (vi) women's body parts -- including but not limited to
	    vaginas, breasts and buttocks -- are exhibited such that
	    women are reduced to these parts; or

	    (vii) women are presented as whores by nature; or

	    (viii) women are presented being penetrated by objects or
	    animals; or

	    (ix) women are presented in scenarios of degradation,
	    injury, abasement, torture, showns as filthy or inferior,
	    bleeding, bruised, or hurt in a context that makes these
	    conditions sexual.

	  (2) The use of men, children, or transsexuals in the place
	  of women in (1)(i-ix) above is pornography for the purposes
	  of subsections (l)-(p) of this statute.


	Section 4.  That section 139.40 of the above-mentioned
	ordinance be amended by adding thereto new subsections
	(l), (m), (n), (o), (p), (q), (r) and (s) to read as follows:


	(l) _Discrimination by trafficking in pornography_.  The
	production, sale, exhibition, or distribution of pornography
	is discrimination against women by means of trafficking in
	pornography:

	  (1) City, state, and federally funded public libraries or
	  private and public university and college libraries in which
	  pornography is available for study, including on open
	  shelves, shall not be construed to be trafficking in
	  pornography but special display presentations of pornography
	  in said places is sex discrimination.

	  (2) The formation of private clubs or associations for
	  purposes of trafficking in pornography is illegal and shall
	  be considered a conspiracy to violate the civil rights of
	  women.

	  93) Any woman has a cause of action hereunder as a woman
	  acting against the subordination of women.  Any man or
	  transsexual who alleges injury by pornography in the way
	  women are injured by it shall also have a cause of action.

	(m) _Coercion into pornographic performances_.  Any person,
	including transsexual, who is coerced, intimidated, or
	fraudulently induced (hereafter "coerced") into performing for
	pornography shall have a cause of action against the maker(s),
	seller(s), exhibitor(s) or distributor(s) of said pornography
	for damages and for elimination of the products of the
	performance(s) from the public view.

	  (1) _Limitations of action_.  This claim shall not expire
	  before five years have elapsed from the date of the coerced
	  performance(s) or from the last appearance or sale of any
	  product of the performance(s), whichever date is later;

	  (2) Proof of one or more of the following facts or
	  conditions shall not, without more, negate a finding of
	  coercion:

	    (i) that the person is a woman; or

	    (ii) that the person is or has been a prostitute; or

	    (iii) that the person has attained the age of majority; or

	    (iv) that the person is connected by blood or marriage to
	    anyone involved in or related to the making of the
	    pornography; or

	    (v) that the person has previously had, or been thought to
	    have had, sexual relations with anyone, including anyone
	    involved in or related to the making of the pornography;
	    or

	    (vi) that the person has previously posed for sexually
	    explicit pictures for or with anyone, including anyone
	    involved in or related to the making of the pornography at
	    issue; or

	    (vii) that anyone else, including a spouse or other
	    relative has given permission on the person's behalf; or

	    (viii) that the person actually consented to a use of the
	    performance that is changed into pornography; or

	    (ix) that the person knew that the purpose of the acts or
	    events in question was to make pornography; or

	    (x) that the person showed no resistance or appeared to
	    cooperate actively in the photographic sessions or in the
	    sexual events that produced pornography; or

	    (xi) that the person signed a contract, or made statements
	    affirming a willingness to cooperate in the production of
	    pornography; or

	    (xii) that no physical force, threats, or weapons were
	    used in the making of the pornography; or

	    (xiii) that the person was paid or otherwise compensated.

	(n) _Forcing pornography on a person_.  Any woman, man, child,
	or transsexual who has pornography forced on him/her in any
	place of employment, in education, in a home, or in any public
	place has a cause of action against the perpetrator and/or
	institution.

	(o) _Assault or physical attack due to pornography_.  Any
	woman, man, child, or transsexual who is assaulted physically
	attacked or injured in any way that is directly caused by
	specific pornography has a claim for damages against the
	perpetrator, the maker(s), distributor(s), seller(s), and/or
	exhibitor(s), and for an injunction against the specific
	pornography's further exhibition, distribution, or sale.  No
	damages shall be assessed (A) against the maker(s) for
	pornography made, (B) against distributor(s) for pornography
	distributed, (C) against seller(s) for pornography sold, or
	(D) against exhibitors for pornography exhibited prior to the
	enforcement date of this act.

	(p) _Defenses_. Where the materials which are the subject
	matter of a cause of action under subsections (l), (m), (n),
	or (o) of this section are pornography, it shall not be a
	defense that the defendants did not know or intend that the
	materials were pornography or sex discrimination.

	(q) _Severability_.  Should any part(s) of this ordinance be
	found legally invalid, the remaining part(s) remain valid.

	(r) Subsections (l), (m), (n), and (o) of this section are
	exceptions to the second clause of section 141.90 of this
	title.

	(s) _Effective Date_.  Enforcement of this ordinance of
	December 30, 1983, shall be suspended until July 1, 1984
	("enforcement date") to facilitate training, education, voluntary
	compliance, and implementation taking into consideration the
	opinions of the City Attorney and the Civil Rights commission.
	No liability shall attach under (l) or as specifically provided
	in the second sentence of (o) until the enforcement date.
	Liability under all other sections of this act shall attach as
	of December 30, 1983.


	Amending title 7, chapter 141 of the Minneapolis Code of
	Ordinances relating to Civil Rights: Administration and
	Enforcement.

	The City Council and the City of Minneapolis do ordain as
	follows:

	Section 1. That Section 141.50 (l) of the above-entitled
	ordinance be amended by adding thereto a new subsection (3) to
	read as follows:

	(3) _Pornography_: The hearing committee or court may order
	relief, including the removal of violative material, permanent
	injunction against the sale, exhibition or distribution of
	violative material, or any other relief deemed just and
	equitable, including reasonable attorney's fees.


	Section 1. That Section 141.60 of the above-entitled
	ordinance be amended as follows:

	141.60 _Civil action, judicial review and enforcement_.

	  (a) _Civil actions_.

	    (1) An individual alleging a violation of this ordinance
	    may bring a civil action directly in court.

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	    [procedures for filing lawsuits omitted]